{"id":6566,"date":"2023-10-04T13:39:04","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T13:39:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cryptoadria.com\/portal\/?p=6566"},"modified":"2023-10-04T13:39:05","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T13:39:05","slug":"sta-je-cryptonight-algoritam-rudarenja-i-kako-funkcionise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cryptoadria.com\/portal\/2023\/10\/04\/sta-je-cryptonight-algoritam-rudarenja-i-kako-funkcionise\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160ta je CryptoNight algoritam rudarenja i kako funkcioni\u0161e?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Razumijevanje algoritama rudarenja<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Algoritmi za rudarenje su okosnica mre\u017ea zasnovanih na blockchain-u kao \u0161to su Bitcoin i drugi protokoli. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u00a0blockchain tehnologiji, algoritmi za rudarenje su neophodni za verifikaciju transakcija i sigurnost mre\u017ee.\u00a0Algoritam\u00a0rudarenja\u00a0upu\u0107uje ra\u010dunare rudara da prate skup pravila za generisanje va\u017ee\u0107eg bloka.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proof-of-work (PoW) je dobro poznati\u00a0konsenzus algoritam\u00a0koji koriste\u00a0Bitcoin\u00a0i druge\u00a0kriptovalute.\u00a0U PoW-u, rudari se takmi\u010de koriste\u0107i ra\u010dunarsku snagu kako bi prona\u0161li odre\u0111enu he\u0161 vrijednost koja \u0107e im dati novi blok.\u00a0Integrisana kola specifi\u010dna za aplikacije (ASIC)\u00a0su specijalizovani hardver neophodan rudarima da budu konkurentni u tako energetski intenzivnom procesu, ali pre ASIC-a, korisnici kod ku\u0107e su koristili opremu za rudarenje ni\u017eeg obima CPU i GPU.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ASIC rudarenje prvenstveno koristi SHA-256 hash funkciju, koju je dizajnirala Agencija za nacionalnu sigurnost Sjedinjenih Dr\u017eava (NSA) i objavljena 2001. godine kao standard integriteta podataka. Bitcoin koristi SHA-256 kako bi osigurao maksimalnu sigurnost i integritet, jer bi i najmanja promjena algoritma promijenila izlaz he\u0161 funkcije rudarenja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kako bi i\u0161li ukorak sa rudarskim operacijama u industrijskoj mjeri, mnogi rudari se pridru\u017euju\u00a0rudarskim skupovima\u00a0kako bi kombinovali svoju ra\u010dunsku snagu, \u010dime se pove\u0107avaju \u0161anse za uspje\u0161no rudarenje bloka.\u00a0Nagrade za blok se dijele proporcionalno na osnovu doprinosa svakog \u010dlana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Odabir algoritma za rudarenje je klju\u010dna odluka za projekat kriptovalute, jer odre\u0111uje pravila i zahtjeve potrebne za kreiranje i osiguranje blockchain mre\u017ee, osim na\u010dina na koji su sudionici nagra\u0111eni novim nov\u010di\u0107ima.\u00a0Primjeri drugih popularnih algoritama za rudarenje uklju\u010duju Ethash,\u00a0koji koristi Ethereum blockchain, i CryptoNight, koji koristi Monero Network.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ta je CryptoNight algoritam?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight je jedan od najbr\u017eih algoritama za rudarenje i dio je CryptoNote konsenzus protokola.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight je algoritam za PoW rudarenje za\u00a0CPU i GPU rudarenje, dizajniran da bude otporan na ASIC kako bi se sprije\u010dila centralizacija rudarske snage.\u00a0Nada se da \u0107e pomo\u0107i korisnicima u efikasnijem rudarenju koriste\u0107i kombinaciju funkcija he\u0161iranja, uklju\u010duju\u0107i funkcije CryptoNight i Keccak.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Njegova kriptografska he\u0161 funkcija radi oko naprednog standarda \u0161ifriranja (AES), algoritma na vojnom nivou za ekstremnu sigurnost, \u010dine\u0107i CryptoNight algoritmom za rudarenje visoko fokusiranim na sigurnost.\u00a0Otkako ga je\u00a0Monero\u00a0po\u010deo koristiti kao hash algoritam za svoj blockchain konsenzus, reputacija CryptoNighta kao sigurnosnog algoritma oja\u010dala je u cijelom kripto svijetu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kreacija CryptoNight algoritma je fascinantna i podsje\u0107a na porijeklo Bitcoina.\u00a0Njegov tvorac – koji nosi izmi\u0161ljeno ime Nicolas van Saberhagen – nestao je, ba\u0161 kao i slavni\u00a0Satoshi Nakamoto.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S obzirom na sli\u010dnost, mnogi vjeruju da su dva programera ista osoba, sa tim da je misterija dodatno poja\u010dana sablasnim datumom objavljivanja CryptoNotea, 12. decembra 2012. godine(12.12.2012.).\u00a0CryptoNote je bio sigurnosni protokol i alat za privatnost koji je promovisao povjerljive transakcije, transakcije koje se ne mogu povezati i prstenaste potpise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kako radi CryptoNight algoritam rudarenja?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight koristi CryptoNote konsenzus protokol za ja\u010danje privatnosti tako da niko ne mo\u017ee re\u0107i koji u\u010desnik u transakciji pla\u0107a, a ko prima novac.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight je prijateljski za GPU rudarenje, ali njegove karakteristike ga \u010dine idealnim za CPU rudarenje. Sa svojim skupom 64-bitnih brzih mno\u017eitelja za maksimalnu brzinu, CPU arhitektura je vrlo efikasna; \u0161tavi\u0161e, velika upotreba CPU ke\u0161a garantuje najbolje performanse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Njegov radni proces uklju\u010duje tri glavna koraka:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kreiranje “scratchpad” <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Velika memorija sa srednjim vrijednostima pohranjuje se tokom funkcije he\u0161iranja.\u00a0Prvi ulazni podaci se he\u0161iraju pomo\u0107u funkcije he\u0161iranja Keccak-1600, \u0161to rezultira 200 bajtova nasumi\u010dno generisanih podataka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transformacija enkripcije<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zatim uzima prvi 31 bajt ovog Keccak-1600 he\u0161a i pretvara ih u klju\u010d za \u0161ifriranje za AES-256 algoritam, najve\u0107u vrijednost u AES porodici.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zavr\u0161no he\u0161iranje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight preuzima cijeli skup podataka kreiran od strane AES-256 i Keccak funkcija u prethodnom koraku i proslje\u0111uje ga kroz ostale hash funkcije. Kona\u010dno, kona\u010dni hash rezultat je CryptoNight dokaza o radu. Ovaj hash ima 256-bitnu ekstenziju ili ukupno 64 karaktera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0161to je CryptoNight va\u017ean?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight je dizajniran da pru\u017ei CPU-ima i GPU-ovima jednaku priliku za rudarenje blokova i obeshrabruje ASIC rudare.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CryptoNight je va\u017ean iz tri klju\u010dna razloga: Pru\u017ea ja\u010du privatnost sa transakcijama koje se ne mogu pratiti, svoju ASIC otpornost i skalabilnost.\u00a0Ve\u0107ina kriptovaluta, uklju\u010duju\u0107i Bitcoin (\u00a0BTC\u00a0), su sve osim privatne, jer se ne\u010dije transakcije i stanje mogu lako pratiti na open-source blockchainu putem\u00a0javne adrese.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa druge strane, CryptoNight je dizajniran da zadovolji vi\u0161e korisnika koji brinu o privatnosti koji \u017eele obavljati privatne blockchain trgovine.\u00a0Njegovi kreatori su integrisali dva klju\u010dna alata za privatnost u algoritam kako bi postigli maksimalnu sigurnost i anonimnost: prstenaste potpise i skrivene adrese, koje je razvio Monero tim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ubla\u017eavanje rastu\u0107e zabrinutosti oko centralizacije kriptovaluta zbog ASIC\u00a0opreme za rudarenje\u00a0bilo je jedan od klju\u010dnih razloga za razvoj CryptoNighta.\u00a0Programeri projekta fokusirali su se na izazivanje dominacije ASIC-a i unaprijedili sistem u kojem bi GPU i CPU mogli zadr\u017eati svoju konkurentsku prednost u rudarenju.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skalabilnost i visoka efikasnost su tako\u0111e u sr\u017ei CryptoNight-a, \u010diji je prora\u010dun eksponencijalno pove\u0107an, garantuju\u0107i ve\u0107e skaliranje kroz br\u017ee transakcije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koje kriptovalute koriste algoritam rudarenja CryptoNight?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bytecoin je bila prva kriptovaluta koja je primijenila CryptoNote protokol na svoj blockchain, ali njegova primjena na Moneru pomogla je projektu da stekne ve\u0107u reputaciju i ozlogla\u0161enost.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brojne kriptovalute integrisale su algoritam CryptoNight, a prvi primjer je CryptoNoteCoin, jasna referenca na projekat CryptoNight.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bytecoin <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Iako je prvobitno bio posve\u0107en odupiranju dominaciji ASIC-a, prvi nov\u010di\u0107 CryptoNight koji je podr\u017eao razvoj projekta najavio je 2018. godine da \u0107e integrisati ASIC rudarenje uz zadr\u017eavanje algoritma kako bi se sprije\u010dili problemi sigurnosti i anonimnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monero<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Uprkos tome \u0161to Monero vi\u0161e ne koristi CryptoNight, bio je jedan od njegovih najja\u010dih pristalica za njegov stav protiv ASIC mo\u0107i. Monero je naslijedio CryptoNight kao svoj dokaz rada 2014. godine i od tada je malo evoluirao algoritam, kreiraju\u0107i CryptoNight-R kako bi namjerno naru\u0161io kompatibilnost sa postoje\u0107im ASIC-ovima. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me\u0111utim, 2017. godine Bitmain je razvio efikasan ASIC-kompatibilan CryptoNight, a do 2018. godine, ASIC-ovi su se ponovo pridru\u017eili Monero mre\u017ei.\u00a0U 2019. godini Monero je promijenio svoj algoritam za rudarenje u RandomX, koji se fokusirao na CPU rudarenje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elektroneum (ETN)\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Electroneum koristi algoritam za rudarenje CryptoNight, uz zna\u010dajnu inovaciju u svojoj mobilnoj verziji, omogu\u0107avaju\u0107i korisnicima da rudare kriptovalutu ne samo konvencionalnom metodom ve\u0107 i kori\u0161tenjem svojih pametnih telefona putem mobilnog rudara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drugi manje poznati projekti koji implementiraju CryptoNight algoritam uklju\u010duju Boolberry, Dashcoin, DigitalNote, DarkNetCoin i Pebblecoin. Me\u0111utim, ovi projekti su bili izlo\u017eeni zlonamjernim napadima 2017. godine, \u0161to je izazvalo zabrinutost oko sigurnosti njihovih mre\u017ea i pouzdanosti algoritma CryptoNight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za algoritam CryptoNight kreirane su razli\u010dite varijante, a CryptoNight Heavy je jedna verzija algoritma za he\u0161iranje. Implementira se u razli\u010ditim projektima kriptovaluta, uklju\u010duju\u0107i Ryo Currency, Sumokoin i Loki. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Me\u0111utim, budu\u0107i da se CryptoNight Heavy oslanja na nepouzdanu peer-to-peer mre\u017eu, to mo\u017ee dovesti do ozbiljnih ranjivosti.\u00a0Budu\u0107i da \u010dvorovi moraju provjeriti PoW svakog novog bloka i provesti zna\u010dajnu koli\u010dinu vremena procjenjuju\u0107i svaki hash, mogu postati ranjiviji na distribovane napade uskra\u0107ivanja usluge (DDoS), koordinirane aktivnosti ciljane na botnet koje preplavljuju mre\u017eu la\u017enim prometom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160ta je pred algoritmom CryptoNight?<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Od svog po\u010detka 2012. godine, CryptoNight algoritam je pro\u0161ao kroz zna\u010dajne promjene, nadogradnje i male modifikacije kako bi se prilagodio razli\u010ditim projektima kriptovaluta sve dok nije predstavljena ultimativna verzija koju je kreirao Monero, CryptoNight-R.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Da li je CryptoNight jo\u0161 uvijek va\u017ee\u0107i algoritam za rudarenje ili je proma\u0161io svoju misiju da postane egalitarni alat? Sve razli\u010dite verzije imale su jedan zajedni\u010dki cilj: otpornost na ASIC i spre\u010davanje njegove dalje dominacije u kripto rudarstvu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mnogi vjeruju da se to nije dogodilo, a projekat nije uspio ispuniti svoj prvobitni stav. Tim Monera je naveo da je do kvara do\u0161lo iz sigurnosnih razloga. Budu\u0107i da je he\u0161 CryptoNight prili\u010dno skup i dugotrajan za provjeru, mo\u017ee predstavljati DoS rizik za \u010dvorove kao \u0161to je ranije istaknuto za neke od kriptovaluta baziranih na CryptoNightu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Drugi misle da je dao sve od sebe da sprije\u010di dalje \u0161irenje ASIC korporativne mo\u0107i.\u00a0Ro\u0111en je kao egalitarni tip algoritma koji je mogao garantovati jednaka prava ljudima na rudarenje, ne samo u korporativnom svijetu.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I dalje radi kao alat za rudarenje otvoren za sve, iako ASIC otpornost vi\u0161e nije izvodljiva jer su se ASIC-ovi uspjeli prilagoditi za uspje\u0161no rudarenje za ovaj algoritam.\u00a0Ipak, jo\u0161 uvijek mo\u017ee biti dobra polazna to\u010dka za razvoj budu\u0107ih projekata kriptovaluta, posebno za korisnike koji cijene privatnost i po\u0161teno rudarenje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Izvor: Cointelegraph<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Razumijevanje algoritama rudarenja Algoritmi za rudarenje su okosnica mre\u017ea zasnovanih na blockchain-u kao \u0161to su Bitcoin i drugi protokoli.  U\u00a0blockchain tehnologiji, algoritmi za rudarenje su neophodni za verifikaciju transakcija i sigurnost mre\u017ee.\u00a0Algoritam\u00a0rudarenja\u00a0upu\u0107uje ra\u010dunare rudara da prate skup pravila za generisanje va\u017ee\u0107eg bloka.\u00a0 Proof-of-work (PoW) je dobro poznati\u00a0konsenzus algoritam\u00a0koji koriste\u00a0Bitcoin\u00a0i druge\u00a0kriptovalute.\u00a0U PoW-u, rudari se takmi\u010de koriste\u0107i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6567,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[50,67,54,49,51,287,65,66],"class_list":["post-6566","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti","tag-bitcoin","tag-bitkoin","tag-btc","tag-crypto","tag-crypto-currency","tag-cryptonight","tag-kripto","tag-kriptovaluta"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0160ta je CryptoNight algoritam rudarenja i kako funkcioni\u0161e? 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